"During the summer months, we often see an increase in acute gastroenteritis or ‘tummy bugs’,” says Clicks Wellness expert Dr Aadil Khan.
Gastroenteritis or ‘stomach flu’ is inflammation of the stomach and intestines. Bacteria such as E. coli and salmonella can trigger serious outbreaks, but in South Africa, norovirus causes most cases in adults, while rotorvirus is the most common culprit in children, for whom it can be dangerous. Because of this, the Department of Health vaccinates against it as part of its Expanded Programme of Immunisation.
How does stomach flu spread?
Viruses and bacteria are easily spread through contact with an infected person or their bodily fluids, or with contaminated food, water, utensils or surfaces. This makes it essential to practise good hygiene, and to teach children to wash their hands, especially after using the toilet and before eating. Stomach flu can be risky not only for under-fives, but for older adults and people with weakened immune systems, says Umhlanga GP Deseré Ferreira.
Signs of stomach flu
- Nausea and vomiting
- Abdominal cramping
- Watery diarrhoea
- Mild fever or chills
- Headache, muscle or joint pain
- Loss of appetite
Is stomach flu dangerous?
Dehydration can be dangerous, Dr Ferreira warns. “Cut all dairy out of your diet – switch to a soya-based formula for a few days.” Suck ice cubes, and sip water and rehydration solution. Your pharmacist will have sachets or you can make your own. Dissolve six level teaspoons of sugar and a ½ teaspoon of salt in a litre of clean drinking water or boiled water. Avoid drinks with a high sugar content, such as juice, soft drinks, or sports drinks, because they could worsen diarrhoea.
How is stomach flu treated?
Treatment for bacterial stomach flu will usually include antibiotics (especially if there is blood in the stools), but antibiotics are not effective against viruses. Viral infections, depending on the type of virus, usually resolve themselves within anything from three to 14 days. Combat fever and aches with paracetamol, and most importantly, stay well hydrated, says Ferreira.
Take a look at helpful digestive health products
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